https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Index ${session.getAttribute("locale")} 5 https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:33424 Wed 31 Oct 2018 15:06:57 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:21331 Momordica charantia L.) is a medicinal fruit reported to have antidiabetic properties. To grow this tropical fruit year-round in temperate climates, greenhouse production is necessary, sometimes without insect pollinators. Suitable high-yielding varieties with good bioactivity need to be identified. This experiment evaluated the yield of six varieties of bitter melon under greenhouse conditions and their bioactivity in terms of total phenolic and saponin compounds and total antioxidant activity determined using four assays. Results: The larger varieties (Big Top Medium, Hanuman, Jade and White) were more productive than the small varieties (Indra and Niddhi) in terms of total fruit weight and yield per flower pollinated. The bioactivity (total phenolic and saponin compounds and antioxidant activity) of the two small varieties and Big Top Medium was significantly higher than that of the other three large varieties. Two antioxidant assays, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), were shown to provide the strongest correlations with phenolic and saponin compounds of bitter melon. Conclusion: Preliminary research has identified Big Top Medium as the most suitable variety for greenhouse production. The rich source of phenolic and saponin compounds and their associated antioxidant activity highlight bitter melon as a valuable food.]]> Wed 11 Apr 2018 17:18:45 AEST ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:29108 p ≤ 0.05) reductions in body mass index (BMI), blood pressure and plasma lipids; however, this effect would have been less if between-group effects had been considered. The current evidence base also has considerable methodological limitations due to suboptimal statistical methods used in data analyses. Future research efforts must aim to rectify this paucity of evidence with well-designed and well-reported prospective studies.]]> Wed 11 Apr 2018 16:42:52 AEST ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:11847 Wed 11 Apr 2018 15:51:38 AEST ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:1871 Wed 11 Apr 2018 15:04:47 AEST ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:26931 Olea europaea L. leaves are an agricultural waste product with a high concentration of phenolic compounds; especially oleuropein. Oleuropein has been shown to exhibit anti-proliferative activity against a number of cancer types. However, they have not been tested against pancreatic cancer, the fifth leading cause of cancer related death in Western countries. Therefore, water, 50% ethanol and 50% methanol extracts of Corregiola and Frantoio variety Olea europaea L. leaves were investigated for their total phenolic compounds, total flavonoids and oleuropein content, antioxidant capacity and anti-proliferative activity against MiaPaCa-2 pancreatic cancer cells. The extracts only had slight differences in their phytochemical properties, and at 100 and 200 μg/mL, all decreased the viability of the pancreatic cancer cells relative to controls. At 50 μg/mL, the water extract from the Corregiola leaves exhibited the highest anti-proliferative activity with the effect possibly due to early eluting HPLC peaks. For this reason, olive leaf extracts warrant further investigation into their potential anti-pancreatic cancer benefits.]]> Wed 11 Apr 2018 14:54:42 AEST ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:24629 Wed 11 Apr 2018 14:14:35 AEST ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:19399 Wed 11 Apr 2018 11:42:03 AEST ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:19674 Wed 11 Apr 2018 11:01:38 AEST ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:23363 Wed 11 Apr 2018 10:07:34 AEST ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:28342 (Momordica charantia L.) is a medicinal fruit often used for the treatment of diabetes, due to its content of saponins, phenolics and flavonoids and its antioxidant capacity. The aims were to use response surface methodology (RSM) to optimise the inlet (125.6, 130, 140, 150, 154.1°C) and outlet (72.9, 75, 80, 85, 87.1°C) temperatures for the spray-drying encapsulation of a bitter melon aqueous extract using a combination of maltodextrin and gum Arabic as encapsulating agent and to determine the stability of the optimised encapsulated powder under various storage conditions. The RSM models were adequate to describe and predict the responses for the process yield, the retentions of saponins, phenolics, flavonoids and antioxidant activity, the moisture content and the water solubility index with an overall R²≥0.91. The optimal inlet and outlet temperatures were determined to be 140°C and 80°C, respectively. The optimised spray-dried powder had high values for process yield (71.4±1.4%), retention of bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity (=87.9±2.6%), water solubility index (89.9±0.51%) and had a low moisture content (2.2±0.1%), which was below the Mo=5.71 predicted by the BET model. However, in terms of the morphology of the powder particles under scanning electron microscopy and loss of the bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity, the safest range for preserving the powder at 25°C was determined to range from 22.5% to 33.8%. The encapsulated powder was also slightly more stable at -20 and 10°C than at 30°C, over 150days. Therefore, it can be concluded that spray-drying with the inlet temperature at 140°C and the outlet temperature at 80°C resulted in a very stable encapsulated powder of the bitter melon aqueous extract.]]> Wed 05 Jul 2017 14:38:49 AEST ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:33080 −1, respectively. The carotenoid extraction yield and the antioxidant capacity extraction yield were 271 mg/100 g DW and 737 μm TE/100 g DW, respectively. Thus, the extraction using ethyl acetate with the ratio of 80:1 (mL solvent per g Gac peel) for 150 min at 40.7°C is suggested for recovering carotenoids and antioxidant capacity from Gac peel.]]> Wed 04 Sep 2019 09:54:30 AEST ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:47819 11.0 µmol/L (p = 0.012), cysteine levels were <255 µmol/L (p = 0.033) and serum folate was <22.0 nmol/L (p = 0.003; in males only). In females, dietary intake of total folate <336 µg/day (p=0.001), natural folate <270 µg/day (p = 0.011), and vitamin B2 < 1.12 mg/day (p = 0.028) was associated with an increased AD risk. These results support Hcy, Cys, and SF as useful biomarkers for AD, irrespective of APOE4 genotype and as such should be considered as part of screening and managing risk of AD.]]> Wed 01 Feb 2023 09:58:55 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:36608 Tue 16 Jun 2020 10:51:27 AEST ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:33074 Momordica cochinchinensis Spreng.) is a rich source of carotenoids for the manufacture of powder, oil and capsules for food, cosmetic and pharmaceutical uses. Currently, only the aril of the Gac fruit is processed and the peel, similar to the other components, is discarded, although it contains high level of carotenoids, which could be extracted for commercial use. In the present study, four different drying methods (hot‐air, vacuum, heat pump and freeze drying), different temperatures and drying times were investigated for producing dried Gac peel suitable for carotenoid extraction. Results: The drying methods and drying temperatures significantly affected the drying time, carotenoid content and antioxidant capacity of the dried Gac peel. Among the investigated drying methods, hot‐air drying at 80°C and vacuum drying at 50°C produced dried Gac peel that exhibited the highest retention of carotenoids and the strongest antioxidant capacity. Conclusion: Hot‐air drying at 80°C and vacuum drying at 50°C are recommended for the drying of Gac peel.]]> Tue 03 Sep 2019 18:30:56 AEST ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:34091 -1 dry weight), ß-carotene (up to 1.5 mg g^-1 dry weight) and oil (up to 0.4 g g^-1 dry weight) and these were strongly correlated with firmness (lycopene -0.923, ß-carotene -0.754, oil -0.764, p < 0.01) and TSS (lycopene -0.747, ß-carotene -0.664, oil -0.672, p < 0.01). However, quality declined with further storage. Skin colour did not relate well to aril quality but fruit firmness and aril TSS are candidates in the development of simple indices for the quality management of commercial Gac fruit.]]> Tue 03 Sep 2019 18:27:18 AEST ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:34879 2) and hexane (Soxhlet). The Gac seed kernel accounted for 66.4 ± 2.7% of the seed weight, and 53.02 ± 1.27% of it was oil. The SC-CO₂ oil had a higher quality than the Soxhlet oil for important criteria, such as peroxide (0.12 ± 0.02 vs. 1.80 ± 0.01 meq O₂/kg oil), free fatty acid (1.74 ± 0.12 vs. 2.47 ± 0.09 mg KOH/g oil) and unsaponifiable matter (33.2 ± 1.5 vs. 52.6 ± 2.4 g/kg) values, respectively. It also had a better colour (light yellow vs. dark greenish brown) and a higher antioxidant capacity measured with the DPPH (52.69 ± 0.06 vs. 42.98 ± 0.02 µmol Trolox equivalent/g oil) and ABTS (2.10 ± 0.12 vs. 1.52 ± 0.06 µmol Trolox equivalent/g oil) assays. However, a higher yield (53.02 ± 1.27 vs. 34.1 ± 0.8%) was obtained for the Soxhlet oil. Unless refined, the oils would not be edible due to their high unsaponifiable matter, but the SC-CO₂ oil would need less refining. Alternatively, the high unsaponifiable matter in the oil, especially in the Soxhlet oil, may make it useful for medicinal purposes.]]> Tue 03 Sep 2019 18:18:23 AEST ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:34881 Momordica cochinchinensis Spreng) seed kernels. To improve the method, a solvent evaporation step was added prior to the colorisation reaction to prevent undesired solvent interference during the reaction step. Using this modified protocol for the aescin standard curve and the Gac seed kernel extract eliminated any solvent interference. Thus, this improved protocol is recommended for the quantification of the saponin content of plant extracts irrespective of which extraction solvent is used.]]> Tue 03 Sep 2019 18:09:42 AEST ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:34880 −1) while water-saturated n-butanol and methanol extracts were characterized by their highest content of saponins (40.75 ± 0.31 and 38.80 ± 2.82 mg AE g⁻¹, respectively). Aqueous extract with microwave assistance achieved the highest phenolics (3.18 ± 0.04 mg GAE g⁻¹). As a measure of antioxidant capacity, the 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS) assay gave highest value to the aqueous microwave extract (23.56 ± 0.82 μmol TE g⁻¹) while the ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay gave highest values to water-saturated n-butanol and 70% ethanol extracts (5.25 ± 0.04 and 4.71 ± 0.39 μmol TE g⁻¹, respectively). The total solids value was highest using water with microwave assistance (141.5 g kg⁻¹) while ultrasound treatment did not improve any extractions. Therefore, trypsin inhibitors are suitably recovered using water while water-saturated n-butanol or methanol is for saponins, both using a conventional method. Microwave extraction is suitable for phenolics recovery. These conditions are recommended for an efficient recovery of bioactive compounds from defatted Gac seeds.]]> Tue 03 Sep 2019 18:08:26 AEST ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:34442 Tue 03 Sep 2019 18:00:55 AEST ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:34443 Tue 03 Sep 2019 18:00:49 AEST ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:33078 Momordica cochinchinensis Spreng.) contains high levels of bioactive compounds, especially carotenoids which possess significant antioxidant capacities. However, the peel of Gac is regarded as a waste from the production of carotenoid‐rich oil from Gac fruit. In this study, carotenoids of Gac peel were extracted by microwave‐assisted extraction (MAE) and ultrasound‐assisted extraction (UAE) using ethyl acetate as extraction solvent. The effect of extraction time and different levels of microwave and ultrasonic powers on the yield of total carotenoid and antioxidant capacity of the extracts were investigated. The results showed that an extraction at 120 W for 25 min and an extraction at 200 W for 80 min were the most effective for MAE and UAE of the Gac peel samples, respectively. The maximum carotenoid and antioxidant capacity yields of UAE were significantly higher than those of the MAE. The antioxidant capacity of extract obtained by the UAE was also significantly higher that of the conventional extraction using the same ratio of solvent to material. The results showed that both MAE and UAE could be used to reduce the extraction time significantly in comparison with conventional extraction of Gac peel while still obtained good extraction efficiencies. Thus, MAE and UAE are recommended for the improvement of carotenoid and antioxidant capacity extraction from Gac peel.]]> Tue 03 Sep 2019 17:53:40 AEST ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:39938 53% and with the youngest rootstock (4 and 8 weeks) this increased to > 85%. Further work could investigate the production potential of crops using cuttings and grafted plants.]]> Thu 30 Jun 2022 13:33:31 AEST ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:41195 Momordica cochinchinensis Spreng.), which is considered as waste of Gac processing, has been found to possess high levels of carotenoids and other antioxidants. This study aimed at determining the optimal conditions of an ultrasound-assisted extraction for recovering carotenoids and antioxidant capacity from Gac peel. A response surface methodology using the Box–Behnken design was employed to investigate the impact of extraction time, temperature and ultrasonic power on the recovery of total carotenoid and antioxidant capacity. The results showed that an extraction time of 76 min, temperature of 50 °C and ultrasonic power of 250 W were the optimal conditions for the extraction. The experimental carotenoid yield and antioxidant capacity obtained under the optimal extraction conditions were validated as 269 mg/100 g DW (dry weight) and 822 µM TE (Trolox equivalent)/100 g DW, respectively. These values were not significantly different from the values predicted by the models. The HPLC analysis for carotenoid composition showed that β-carotene, lycopene and lutein were the principal carotenoids of the extract, which constitute 86% of the total carotenoid content. Based on the obtained results, the ultrasound-assisted extraction using ethyl acetate under the above optimal conditions is suggested for the simultaneous recovery of carotenoids and antioxidant capacity from Gac peel.]]> Thu 28 Jul 2022 11:12:19 AEST ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:33468 Thu 24 Mar 2022 11:35:57 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:29704 P > 0.05), and three studies showed no improvements in fat mass, fat volume, or abdominal fat distribution (P > 0.05). Four studies included measurements of inflammatory markers, with three of these finding resveratrol supplementation to have a significant positive effect (P > 0.05). Conclusion: Based on the included studies, there is currently insufficient evidence to support the recommendation of resveratrol supplements in management of obesity. However, there were significant but not entirely consistent anti-inflammatory effects after resveratrol supplementation in overweight and obese individuals.]]> Thu 24 Mar 2022 11:33:10 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:35145 Thu 17 Jun 2021 14:49:11 AEST ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:37414 Thu 12 Nov 2020 17:17:51 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:13711 Sat 24 Mar 2018 10:38:11 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:10149 Sat 24 Mar 2018 10:31:23 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:9512 Sat 24 Mar 2018 08:35:35 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:897 Sat 24 Mar 2018 08:29:38 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:1162 Sat 24 Mar 2018 08:28:43 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:1239 Sat 24 Mar 2018 08:28:34 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:12947 Sat 24 Mar 2018 08:17:17 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:13252 Sat 24 Mar 2018 08:15:58 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:11846 Sat 24 Mar 2018 08:09:52 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:20934 Sat 24 Mar 2018 08:06:05 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:18221 Sat 24 Mar 2018 08:04:40 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:18104 Sat 24 Mar 2018 08:04:29 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:17131 Sat 24 Mar 2018 08:02:30 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:20089 Sat 24 Mar 2018 08:00:09 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:20088 Sat 24 Mar 2018 08:00:09 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:20090 Sat 24 Mar 2018 08:00:08 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:21068 Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:59:25 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:21067 Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:59:25 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:19891 Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:57:09 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:21219 Camellia sinensis) catechins are strong antioxidants linked with potential health benefits. Based on previous studies, it was hypothesised that the typical household conditions for brewing green tea in a teabag – 200 mL freshly boiled water for 2–3 min, as per the manufacturers’ instructions – were not sufficient to extract all the catechins and that a household microwave oven could be used to improve the extraction. The catechins and the two other main green tea components, caffeine and theanine, were monitored by HPLC. The typical household conditions only extracted 62% (61 mg/g tea), 76% (24 mg/g) and 80% (10 mg/g) of the catechins, caffeine and theanine, respectively, from the five varieties of teabags analysed. However, using microwave assisted extraction (MAE) by first brewing a teabag in 200 mL freshly boiled water for 0.5 min before irradiation for 1 min in a microwave oven (hot MAE), improved the extraction of the catechins and caffeine to 80% (80 mg/g) and 92% (29 mg/g), respectively, although the extraction of theanine was not affected. Therefore, the hot MAE technique could help maximise the extraction of the catechins for those who consume green tea for the potential health benefits of the catechins.]]> Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:55:29 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:21231 Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:53:04 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:20130 Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:51:33 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:333 Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:42:40 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:27357 Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:39:39 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:27326 Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:38:36 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:27134 Momordica cochinchinensis Spreng.) is a tropical vine originating from South and South-East Asia. Gac fruit has traditionally been used in Asia to provide red colour for cuisines and enhance visional health. Recently, Gac fruit has emerged as a potential source of carotenoids, especially lycopene and β-carotene. Carotenoids and other identified bioactives from this fruit including phenolics, flavonoids and trypsin inhibitors are associated with many beneficial bioactivities such as antioxidant, anticancer and provitamin A activities. In addition to the traditional utilisation, commercial products like Gac powder and Gac oil have been manufactured as natural colourants and medicinal supplements. This paper is a review of the scientific literature on the nutritional composition, biological activities and processing of Gac fruit.]]> Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:33:02 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:29023 Momordica charantia L.) has traditionally been used as a medicinal food in many developing countries. It is a tropical fruit claimed to have therapeutic effects due to its content of bioactive compounds. The present review is an attempt to highlight the bitter melon varieties, bioactive composition that is linked to its therapeutic effects, especially antidiabetic effect, in vitro and in vivo models, and understanding of the mechanisms of actions of bitter melon that are associated with epidemiological evidences. This paper also outlines a proposed processing scheme aiming to fully utilize bitter melon and add further value to this fruit.]]> Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:31:06 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:26998 Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:25:49 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:24764 Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:14:08 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:33748 Mon 07 Jan 2019 10:45:15 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:42601 Fri 26 Aug 2022 12:03:17 AEST ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:33079 Fri 24 Aug 2018 15:01:54 AEST ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:49102 1.2 kg) and quality. Cool storage is a low-cost method for the short-term storage of Gac pollen. However, methods for drying pollen to an inactive state need investigation for a storage protocol, and for improvements in fruit set and fruit physicochemical qualities using hand pollination.]]> Fri 05 May 2023 11:25:02 AEST ]]>